As fractures begin to heal, the degree and nature of healing are described.Ĭontributing factors, such as tumors, infections, and repeated stress, are included in the descriptive terminology. They are further defined in terms of how they occurred or reason for the break. Fractures may be named for an anatomic location, a person, or a place. Interestingly, fractures have specific terminology that varies from time of occurrence to healing. The bony detail is described by the following:Īlignment of fragments and position and alignment To achieve this degree of accuracy, learning the classifications is an important tool to the end user.Ī uniform descriptive system also allows accurate coding of specific diagnostic entities. For example, an open, midshaft, comminuted, femur fracture gives a brief description but accurately relates a lot. A brief and accurate description is vital to the evaluation and immediate treatment of the injured, and familiarity with the classification systems that follow will help in understanding the importance of accurate communication. Good communication is essential when relating the assessment of acute injuries. Most patients with musculoskeletal injuries present to an emergency room in an acute stage and are treated by the emergency room physician until it is determined that an orthopaedic specialist may be required. Many new terms have been added to this edition. The last section covers the types of dislocations, subluxations, strains and sprains, and sports-related injuries. The third section defines the many eponymic classification systems by grades, types, and mechanisms. The second section is a brief outline of the AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen) system and Orthopaedic Trauma Association Registry System of fracture classification. The first part contains general terms that are easily understood by the nonspecialist, followed by classic, descriptive, and eponymic terms by anatomic location. This chapter defines fractures and dislocations by sections. The general types of musculoskeletal trauma are fractures, dislocations, subluxations, sprains, strains, and diastases. The musculoskeletal reaction to trauma can result in a variety of bone, muscle, and ligamentous disruptions sometimes fracture and ligamentous injuries occur concurrently.
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